Medicines for the Union Army: The United States Army Laboratories During the Civil War PDF

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It wasn't only combat that killed during the Civil War!

Among white Federalist troops alone, there were 1,213,685 cases of malaria, 139,638 cases of typhoid fever, 67,762 cases of measles, 61,202 cases of pneumonia, 73,382 cases of syphilis, and 109,202 cases of gonorrhea between May 1, 1861 and June 30, 1866. (Statistics for Negro troops covered less than three years of the Civil War period.)

Preventative medicine at the time had little more to offer than quinine and a few disinfectants. There was no real understanding of the germ theory of disease.

But Medicines for the Union Army: The United States Army Laboratories During the Civil War shows that in the evolution of the army's Medical Department from incompetence to general efficiency during this time, and in the vastly improved organization and supply system designed by William A. Hammond, Jonathan Letterman, the medical purveyors, and others working under the Surgeon General, there was evidence of a great achievement.

In Medicines for the Union Army you will come to understand the medical purveying system of the time and its problems, and you will witness the birth, growth, and remarkable achievements of the Federal government's pharmaceutical laboratories at Astoria, New York, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Medicines for the Union Army will inform and enlighten you about the these laboratories, including:

• the funding and transportation obstacles faced at the Astoria lab
• the processes by which raw materials became drugs ready for distribution
• drug testing and inspection methods
• the bottling of “medicinal whiskey” and wine at the labs
• the people whose work laid the foundation for modern drug production and distribution methods
• the contents of the medical supply cases (panniers) and wagons in use at the time . . . and much more!

Medicines for the Union Army: The United States Army Laboratories During the Civil War brings to light the groundbreaking achievements of unsung American heroes working to preserve life while the country was in bloody turmoil. No Civil War historian should be without this volume!

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• Product Details
• Table of Contents
• Reviews

• Series: Pharmaceutical Heritage Pharmaceutical Care Through History
• Hardcover: 208 pages
• Publisher: Routledge; 1 edition (March 26, 2001)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0789009463
• ISBN-13: 978-0789009463
• Product Dimensions: 0.8 x 6.1 x 8.7 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1.3 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Medicines for the Union Army: The United States Army Laboratories During the Civil War PDF

Haworth has done a favor to those interested in Civil War medicine by publishing this hard-to-find book, originally printed by the American Institute of the History of Pharmacy (AIHP) in 1962. The 120-page narrative is complemented by three informative appendices listing medical supply tables, more than forty pages of endnotes, and an index. This superbly documented book is properly regarded as a significant source of information on the pharmaceutical history of the war.

The book begins by describing the state of the Army's medical purveying system in the mid-19th century. Before the Civil War, almost all of the medical and hospital supplies came from the purveying depot in New York City. They were then circulated to sub-depots in the south and west, and then finally distributed to the army posts. With the outbreak of war, the rapid expansion of the army overwhelmed the capacity of the main depot to satisfy the needs of the regiments for supplies.

Indeed, the real problem for the Army's medical department was procuring pharmaceuticals in the first place. They were at the mercy of erratic imports subject to Confederate raiders, jealously protective monopolies, and an increasingly speculative market. In those days, crude and finished drugs were subject to the same market manipulations as pork bellies: short-selling, cornering, "puts and calls," etc. To complicate matters further, the government insisted (quite correctly) on drug quality rather than economy.

Surgeon General William Hammond decided that the creation of United States Army Laboratories to test and manufacture medical supplies was the best answer to these problems. The Navy had developed its own manufacturing laboratory, at the Naval Hospital in Brooklyn, as early as 1852.